The internationally respected Network for Sustainable Financial Markets has just released a blueprint for fundamental changes to the Credit Derivatives market. The Network suggests that proposed changes will bring fairness and sustainability to what has been a dangerously opaque and, as a result, mispriced sector of the financial system.
Prepared by corporate governance and insolvency expert Dr. Janis Sarra, of the University of British Columbia Faculty of Law, and endorsed by respected investment professionals and academics who are members of NSFM, the paper recommends 10 immediate systemic changes to create targeted and effective regulatory oversight of the credit derivatives markets.
Presenting the paper on Monday in Washington D.C. to a joint Task Force of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund on the current financial crisis, Dr Sarra said “While there have been a number of industry and regulatory reports on the crisis, reform proposals to date are too limited in their perspective, in some cases recycling strategies that caused the current crisis.”
She added: “Current reform efforts are in peril of failing to address the real causes of financial market instability. Regulatory bodies have to think more creatively and systemically about the nature of their task, so that the financial market system can better serve its core purpose of creating long-term sustainable value.”
Five recommendations have been made in relation to point of purchase and sale, with a further five relating to the point of settlement and insolvency restructuring proceedings.
According to Dr Sarra, the aim of the recommended changes is to “ensure that, through the application of rules for transparency and for conduct, buyers are better able to understand and manage the risks of a particular derivative.”
“The proposed changes will ensure credit derivatives can more sustainably and fairly play their vital role as means for diversifying lending risk.”
Professor Sarra added “These recommendations are first steps towards creation of a fair and sustainable credit derivatives market.”
The current system has some perverse effects, said Dr Sarra. “For example, the offloading of risk can mean originating lenders lose any incentive to be duly diligent in the original lending decision. Even more seriously, a creditor can make a loan and then purchase credit default swaps many times the value of the underlying asset. Because the value they would get from settlement of the swaps is greater than the original asset, they then have an incentive to have the debtor company fail and be unable to repay the loan.”
“Implementation of the recommendations would offer immediate protection to investors and create new momentum for the rebuilding of effective, fair and sustainable capital markets.”
While some countries already require some parts of these recommendations, an internationalised derivatives market requires them to be consistently applied across major financial markets.
The recommendations are:
1. Information disclosure sufficient to make informed decisions must be mandatory, not optional.
Disclosure must include:
a. Any adverse risk in the underlying asset.
b. Any risk to the sellers’ financial health.
c. For public companies, how their credit risk has affected valuation of derivative liabilities.
2. Counterparties to credit derivative contracts and investors must have underlying material risks disclosed to them and have enforceable remedies where that risk has not been properly disclosed.
3. Credit rating agencies must meet a mandated due diligence standard
a. They should be required to disclose all fees associated with a rating.
b. Purchasers should have effective remedies against rating agencies and others that do not meet mandated standards.
4. Central exchanges need standardized, transparent trading procedures and consistent standards of conduct and disclosure. That should include:
a. Credit documentation being made public through public registries or similar vehicles.
b. Credit default swaps being publicly reported, including trading and position recording by dealers.
c. A requirement that either a portion of exposure be left on the originating lender’s balance sheet, or that there be a mandatory seasoning period where the lender is required to hold the risk before it can be resold or repackaged.
d. Regulators facilitating the development of best practice standards for over-the-counter derivatives, including counterparty credit risk management, oversight, liquidity management and netting.
5. Where a derivative holder has no economic risk in a loan because it has fully hedged that risk, regulators should mandate that this be disclosed before the holder can precipitate insolvency or other proceedings.
6. If a company is being restructured, there must be mandatory disclosure of the amount of debt that has been hedged by creditors that wish to exercise their rights to participate or vote in the restructuring.
7. A court considering a restructuring plan should be required to take into account the real relative economic interests at stake, as distinct from the interests suggested by the face value of claims that are in fact protected by credit default swaps.
8. Insolvency restructuring legislation should be amended so that credit derivatives can be stayed for a period on the same basis with any other creditor, allowing the court to exercise oversight of the clearing process in a measured way that assists with the risk management aspects of the products and slows the speculative market.
9. Create timely periods for creditors to make claims against the insolvency company, to ensure that debtors can avoid a continually revolving door of credit default swap settlements. Given the internationalized nature of derivatives, these claims bar dates need to be made uniform across different jurisdictions.
10. Finally, a central clearing facility for multiple credit derivatives should be created, with regulatory oversight and transparency.
NSFM is an international, non-partisan network of finance sector professionals, academics and others who see the need for fundamental changes to improve financial market integrity and efficiency.
The NSFM has been formed to bring the insights of theory and practice to bear on the need for a more stable and inclusive financial system, one that will harness the innovative capacity of the financial sector for maximum economic, social and environmental good.
NSFM aims to look at the underlying causes of financial market instability and on development of fundamental reforms.
The paper released today is the first of a series of papers the network is publishing in coming weeks towards the design of a better and more sustainable financial system.
Complete paper available from http://www.sustainablefinancialmarkets.net/
Contacts: Dr Janis Sarra - sarra@law.ubc.ca – phone +1 604 947 2071